Professor Simon Lucas

Research

Research Interests:

Find me on:

• Google Scholar
• Research Gate
• ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3180-7451

The main focus of my research is AI and Games ? both using games an ideal test-bed for AI research, and in using AI to make better game-playing agents, generating new games and optimising game content and game parameters.  This leads on to studying various types of machine learning, with particular emphasis on reinforcement learning and evolutionary algorithms.

I am the director of the Game AI Research Group at Queen Mary University of London  and am also the Queen Mary lead for the EPSRC funded Centre for Doctoral Training in Intelligent Games and Game Intelligence (IGGI).

Research includes novel approaches to General Video Game AI.

Games are a natural source of noisy optimisation algorithms, and in our group we have developed an efficient approach to this that combines evolutionary algorithms with combinatorial bandit algorithms.  It is called the N-Tuple Bandit Evolutionary Algorithm  and will soon be made open-source: more details available on request.

Publications

• GAINA RALUCA, Lucas S, Perez-Liebana D (2019). Project Thyia: A Forever Gameplayer. IEEE Conference on Games (COG)

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2019.8848047

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/61794
• Volkovas R, Fairbank M, Woodward JR et al. (2019). Mek: Mechanics prototyping tool for 2d tile-based turn-based deterministic games. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2019.8848016

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Zhao D, Lucas S, Togelius J (2019). Deep Reinforcement Learning and Games [Guest Editorial]. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/MCI.2019.2919362

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/61793
• Bravi I, Volz V, Lucas S (2019). Game AI hyperparameter tuning in rinascimento. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1145/3319619.3326842

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Volz V (2019). Tile pattern KL-divergence for analysing and evolving game levels. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1145/3321707.3321781

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez D, Liu J, Abdel Samea Khalifa A et al. (2019). General Video Game AI: a Multi-Track Framework for Evaluating Agents, Games and Content Generation Algorithms. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/tg.2019.2901021

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/59616
• Lucas S, Liu J, Bravi I et al. (2019). Efficient Evolutionary Methods for Game Agent Optimisation: Model-Based is Best. Game Simulations Workshop (AAAI)

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez-Liebana D, Gaina RD, Drageset O et al. (2019). Analysis of statistical forward planning methods in pommerman. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/61628
• Gaina RD, Lucas SM, Pérez-Liébana D (2019). Tackling sparse rewards in real-time games with statistical forward planning methods. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011691

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/55132
• Lucas SM (2018). Game AI Research with Fast Planet Wars Variants. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2018.8490377

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/54659
• Gaina RD, Lucas SM, Perez-Liebana D (2018). General Win Prediction from Agent Experience. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2018.8490439

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/59584
• Bravi I, Perez-Liebana D, Lucas SM et al. (2018). Shallow Decision-Making Analysis in General Video Game Playing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2018.8490365

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Liu J, Perez-Liebana D (2018). The N-Tuple Bandit Evolutionary Algorithm for Game Agent Optimisation. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2018.8477869

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Rohlfshagen P, Liu J, Perez-Liebana D et al. (2018). Pac-Man conquers academia: Two decades of research using a classic arcade game. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TG.2017.2737145

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/51263
• Volz V, Lucas SM, Schrum J et al. (2018). Evolving Mario levels in the latent space of a deep convolutional generative adversarial network. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1145/3205455.3205517

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/54683
• Lucas SM, Liu J, Perez-Liebana D (2018). Efficient noisy optimisation with the multi-sample and sliding window compact genetic algorithms. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/SSCI.2017.8285333

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Kunanusont K, Lucas SM, Pérez-Lébana D (2018). Modeling player experience with the n-tuple bandit evolutionary algorithm. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Sironi CF, Liu J, Perez-Liebana D et al. (2018). Self-adaptive MCTS for General Video Game Playing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77538-8_25

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/42663
• Gaina RD, Lucas SM, Pérez-Liébana D (2018). Vertigø: Visualisation of rolling horizon evolutionary algorithms in GVGAI. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Gaina RD, Couetoux A, Soemers D et al. (2017). The 2016 Two-Player GVGAI Competition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TCIAIG.2017.2771241

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/32288
• Perez-Liebana D, Stephenson M, Gaina RD et al. (2017). Introducing real world physics and macro-actions to general video game ai. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2017.8080443

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Gaina RD, Lucas SM, Perez-Liebana D (2017). Rolling horizon evolution enhancements in general video game playing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2017.8080420

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Liu J, Perez-Liebana D, Lucas SM (2017). Bandit-based Random Mutation Hill-Climbing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2017.7969564

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Walton-Rivers J, Williams PR, Bartle R et al. (2017). Evaluating and modelling Hanabi-playing agents. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2017.7969465

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Liu J, Togelius J, Perez-Liebana D et al. (2017). Evolving Game Skill-Depth using General Video Game AI agents. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2017.7969583

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Kunanusont K, Lucas SM, Perez-Liebana D (2017). General Video Game AI: Learning from screen capture. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2017.7969556

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Gaina RD, Lucas SM, Perez-Liebana D (2017). Population seeding techniques for Rolling Horizon Evolution in General Video Game Playing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2017.7969540

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Kunanusont K, Gaina RD, Liu J et al. (2017). The N-Tuple bandit evolutionary algorithm for automatic game improvement. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2017.7969571

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/54629
• Agapitos A, O¿Neill M, Kattan A et al. (2017). Recursion in tree-based genetic programming. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/s10710-016-9277-5

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2017). IEEE CIS VP-Education Vision Statement. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/MCI.2016.2627665

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/61796
• Gaina RD, Pérez-Liébana D, Lucas SM (2017). General video game for 2 players: Framework and competition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEEC.2016.7835911

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/59597
• Gaina RD, Liu J, Lucas SM et al. (2017). Analysis of vanilla rolling Horizon evolution parameters in general video game playing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55849-3_28

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/59596
• Samothrakis S, Fasli M, Perez D et al. (2016). Default policies for global optimisation of noisy functions with severe noise. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/s10898-016-0482-9

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/32289
• Perez-Liebana D, Mostaghim S, Lucas SM (2016). Multi-objective tree search approaches for general video game playing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2016.7743851

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez-Liebana D, Samothrakis S, Togelius J et al. (2016). The 2014 General Video Game Playing Competition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TCIAIG.2015.2402393

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Khalifa A, Perez-Liebana D, Lucas SM et al. (2016). General video game level generation. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1145/2908812.2908920

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Samothrakis S, Perez D, Lucas SM et al. (2016). Predicting Dominance Rankings for Score-Based Games. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TCIAIG.2014.2346242

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/57807
• Perez-Liebana D, Samothrakis S, Togelius J et al. (2016). General video game AI: Competition, challenges, and opportunities. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez D, Mostaghim S, Samothrakis S et al. (2015). Multiobjective Monte Carlo Tree Search for Real-Time Games. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TCIAIG.2014.2345842

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Williams PR, Walton-Rivers J, Perez-Liebana D et al. (2015). Monte Carlo Tree Search applied to co-operative problems. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEEC.2015.7332728

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Samothrakis S, Perez-Liebana D, Lucas SM et al. (2015). Neuroevolution for General Video Game Playing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2015.7317943

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Runarsson TP, Lucas SM (2015). On imitating Connect-4 game trajectories using an approximate n-Tuple evaluation function. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2015.7317961

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez D, Dieskau J, Hünermund M et al. (2015). Open loop search for general video game playing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1145/2739480.2754811

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez D, Togelius J, Samothrakis S et al. (2014). Automated map generation for the physical traveling salesman problem. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TEVC.2013.2281508

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Runarsson TP, Lucas SM (2014). Preference learning for move prediction and evaluation function approximation in Othello. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TCIAIG.2014.2307272

  
  

  QMRO: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/69412
• Lucas SM, Samothrakis S, Pérez D (2014). Fast evolutionary adaptation for Monte Carlo Tree Search. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-45523-4_29

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez D, Samothrakis S, Lucas S (2014). Knowledge-based fast evolutionary MCTS for general video game playing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2014.6932868

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Samothrakis S, Roberts SA, Perez D et al. (2014). Rolling horizon methods for games with continuous states and actions. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2014.6932888

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez D, Powley EJ, Whitehouse D et al. (2014). Solving the physical traveling salesman problem: Tree search and macro actions. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TCIAIG.2013.2263884

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez D, Powley E, Whitehouse D et al. (2014). The 2013 Multi-objective Physical Travelling Salesman Problem Competition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2014.6900243

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Roberts SA, Lucas SM (2013). Measuring interestingness of continuous game problems. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2013.6633641

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez D, Samothrakis S, Lucas S (2013). Online and offline learning in multi-objective Monte Carlo Tree Search. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2013.6633621

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Alhejali AM, Lucas SM (2013). Using genetic programming to evolve heuristics for a Monte Carlo Tree Search Ms Pac-Man agent. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2013.6633639

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez D, Samothrakis S, Lucas SM et al. (2013). Rolling horizon evolution versus tree search for navigation in single-player real-time games. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1145/2463372.2463413

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Mateas M, Preuss M et al. (2013). Dagstuhl Manifesto. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/s00287-013-0719-7

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Samothrakis S, Lucas S, Runarsson TP et al. (2013). Coevolving game-playing agents: Measuring performance and intransitivities. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TEVC.2012.2208755

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Jaimez-González CR, Luna-Ramírez WA, Lucas SM (2012). A web tool for monitoring HTTP asynchronous method invocations. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Sombat W, Rohlfshagen P, Lucas SM (2012). Evaluating the enjoyability of the ghosts in Ms Pac-Man. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2012.6374180

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Roberts SA, Lucas SM (2012). Evolving spaceship designs for optimal control and the emergence of interesting behaviour. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2012.6374175

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Ashlock D, Ashlock W, Samothrakis S et al. (2012). From competition to cooperation: Co-evolution in a rewards continuum. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2012.6374135

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Runarsson TP, Lucas SM (2012). Imitating play from game trajectories: Temporal difference learning versus preference learning. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2012.6374141

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Peña L, Ossowski S, Peña JM et al. (2012). Learning and evolving combat game controllers. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2012.6374156

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez D, Rohlfshagen P, Lucas SM (2012). Monte Carlo Tree Search: Long-term versus short-term planning. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2012.6374159

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez D, Rohlfshagen P, Lucas SM (2012). The physical travelling salesman problem: WCCI 2012 competition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2012.6256440

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Rohlfshagen P, Perez D (2012). Towards more intelligent adaptive video game agents: A computational intelligence perspective. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1145/2212908.2212955

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Perez D, Rohlfshagen P, Lucas SM (2012). Monte-Carlo tree search for the physical travelling salesman problem. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-29178-4_26

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Browne CB, Powley E, Whitehouse D et al. (2012). A survey of Monte Carlo tree search methods. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TCIAIG.2012.2186810

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Jaimez-Gonzalez CR, Lucas SM, Lopez-Ornelas EJ (2011). Easy XML serialization of C# and Java objects. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.4242/BalisageVol7.Jaimez01

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Robles D, Rohlfshagen P, Lucas SM (2011). Learning non-random moves for playing Othello: Improving Monte Carlo Tree Search. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2011.6032021

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Abdullahi AA, Lucas SM (2011). Temporal difference learning with interpolated n-tuples: Initial results from a simulated car racing environment. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2011.6032023

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Alhejali AM, Lucas SM (2011). Using a training camp with genetic programming to evolve Ms Pac-Man agents. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2011.6031997

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Rohlfshagen P, Lucas SM (2011). Ms Pac-Man versus Ghost Team CEC 2011 competition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2011.5949599

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Samothrakis S, Lucas S (2011). Approximating n-player behavioural strategy Nash equilibria using coevolution. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1145/2001576.2001726

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Samothrakis S, Robles D, Lucas S (2011). Fast approximate max-n Monte Carlo tree search for Ms Pac-Man. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TCIAIG.2011.2144597

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Alhejali AM, Lucas SM (2010). Evolving diverse Ms. Pac-Man playing agents using genetic programming. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/UKCI.2010.5625586

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Samothrakis S, Lucas SM (2010). Planning using online evolutionary overfitting. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/UKCI.2010.5625569

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Abdullahi AA, Lucas SM (2010). Temporal difference learning with interpolated N-tuple networks: Initial results on pole balancing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/UKCI.2010.5625609

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Samothrakis S, Robles D, Lucas SM (2010). A UCT agent for Tron: Initial investigations. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ITW.2010.5593331

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2010). Estimating learning rates in evolution and TDL: Results on a simple grid-world problem. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ITW.2010.5593332

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2010). Grammatical inference and games: Extended abstract. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-15488-1_1

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Albakour MD, Kruschwitz U, Lucas S (2010). Sentence-level attachment prediction. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-13084-7_2

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Ghanbari S, Woods JC, Lucas SM (2010). Object-based semi-automatic tool for content retrieval. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1049/el.2010.2114

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Robles D, Lucas SM (2009). A simple tree search method for playing Ms. Pac-Man. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2009.5286469

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Burrow P, Lucas SM (2009). Evolution versus temporal difference learning for learning to play Ms. Pac-Man. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2009.5286495

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2009). Temporal difference learning with interpolated table value functions. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2009.5286496

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Romano D, Moffat D, El Rhalibi A et al. (2009). AI and Games Symposium. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Ghanbari S, Woods JC, Lucas SM (2009). BPT using multi-dimensional information for semi-automatic content retrieval. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CVMP.2009.22

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Albakour MD, Blackwell R, Kruschwitz U et al. (2009). Managing collaboration projects using semantic email search. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Ghanbari S, Woods JC, Lucas SM (2009). Multi-dimensional BPTs for content retrieval. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02900-4_4

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Theodoridis T, Agapitos A, Hu H et al. (2009). Mechanical feature attributes for modeling and pattern classification of physical activities. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ICINFA.2009.5204980

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Foullon-Pérez A, Lucas SM (2009). Orientational features with the SNT-Grid. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/IJCNN.2009.5178683

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Ghanbari S, Woods JC, Lucas SM (2009). Semi-automatic BPT for image retrieval. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CBMI.2009.17

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2009). Computational intelligence and AI in games: A New IEEE transactions. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TCIAIG.2009.2021433

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Agapitos A, Dyson M, Lucas SM et al. (2008). Learning to recognise mental activities: Genetic programming of stateful classifiers for brain-computer interfacing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Agapitos A, Togelius J, Lucas SM et al. (2008). Generating diverse opponents with multiobjective evolution. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2008.5035632

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2008). Investigating learning rates for evolution and temporal difference learning. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2008.5035614

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Togelius J, Lucas S, Thang HD et al. (2008). The 2007 IEEE CEC simulated car racing competition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/s10710-008-9063-0

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Rudolph G, Jansen T, Lucas S et al. (2008). Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN X - 10th International Conference, Proceedings: Preface. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Ghanbari S, Woods JC, Rabiee HR et al. (2008). Wavelet domain Binary Partition Trees for image segmentation. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CBMI.2008.4564961

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Theodoridis T, Agapitos A, Hu O et al. (2008). Ubiquitous robotics in physical human action recognition: A comparison between dynamic ANNs and GP. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ROBOT.2008.4543676

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2008). Computational intelligence and games: Challenges and opportunities. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/s11633-008-0045-8

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Agapitos A, Dyson M, Kovalchuk J et al. (2008). On the genetic programming of time-series predictors for supply chain management. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1145/1389095.1389327

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Rudolph G, Jansen T, Lucas S et al. (2008). Preface. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/s10008-007-0497-8

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Loiacono D, Togelius J, Lanzi PL et al. (2008). The WCCI 2008 simulated car racing competition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2008.5035630

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2007). A statistically aligned recombination operator for finite state machines. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2007.4425068

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• González CRJ, Lucas SM (2007). Implementing a state-based application using Web objects in XML. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Togelius J, Burrow P, Lucas SM (2007). Multi-population competitive co-evolution of car racing controllers. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2007.4424998

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Agapitos A, Togelius J, Lucas SM (2007). Multiobjective techniques for the use of state in genetic programming applied to simulated car racing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2007.4424659

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lo MY, Lucas SM (2007). N-gram fitness function with a constraint in a musical evolutionary system. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2007.4425025

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Ghanbari S, Woods JC, Rabiee HR et al. (2007). Wavelet domain binary partition trees for semantic object extraction. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1049/el:20072303

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Togelius J (2007). Point-to-point car racing: An initial study of evolution versus temporal difference learning. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2007.368107

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Marques H, Togelius J, Kogutowska M et al. (2007). Sensorless but not senseless: Prediction in evolutionary car racing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ALIFE.2007.367819

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Togelius J, De Nardi R, Lucas SM (2007). Towards automatic personalised content creation for racing games. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2007.368106

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Agapitos A, Togelius J, Lucas SM (2007). Evolving controllers for simulated car racing using object oriented genetic programming. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1145/1276958.1277271

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Togelius J, De Nardi R, Marques H et al. (2007). Nonlinear dynamics modelling for controller evolution. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1145/1276958.1277020

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Galvan-Lopez E, Togelius J, Lucas S (2007). Towards understanding the effects of neutrality on the sudoku problem. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1145/1276958.1277238

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Togelius J, Lucas SM, De Nardi R (2007). Computational intelligence in racing games. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-72705-7_3

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Reynolds TJ (2007). Learning finite-state transducers: Evolution versus heuristic state merging. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TEVC.2006.880329

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2007). Games technical committee. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/MCI.2007.353426

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Downton A, He J, Lucas S (2007). User-configurable OCR enhancement for online natural history archives. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/s10032-006-0022-0

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Agapitos A, Lucas SM (2007). Evolving a statistics class using object oriented evolutionary programming. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-71605-1_27

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Agapitos A, Lucas SM (2007). Evolving modular recursive sorting algorithms. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-71605-1_28

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• De Nardi R, Togelius J, Holland OE et al. (2006). Evolution of neural networks for helicopter control: Why modularity matters. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Agapitos A, Lucas SM (2006). Evolving efficient recursive sorting algorithms. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lo MY, Lucas SM (2006). Evolving musical sequences with N-gram based trainable fitness functions. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Togelius J, Lucas SM (2006). Evolving robust and specialized car racing skills. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Moraglio A, Togelius J, Lucas S (2006). Product geometric crossover for the Sudoku puzzle. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Agapitos A, Lucas SM (2006). Learning recursive functions with object oriented genetic programming. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/11729976_15

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Kendall G (2006). Evolutionary computation and games. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/MCI.2006.1597057

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Togelius J, Lucas SM (2006). Arms races and car races. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/11844297_62

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Runarsson TP (2006). Temporal difference learning versus co-evolution for acquiring Othello position evaluation. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CIG.2006.311681

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Runarsson TP, Lucas SM (2005). Coevolution versus self-play temporal difference learning for acquiring position evaluation in small-board go. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TEVC.2005.856212

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2005). Evolving a neural network location evaluator to play Ms. Pac-Man. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Cho KT (2005). Fast convolutional OCR with the scanning N-tuple grid. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ICDAR.2005.109

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Togelius J, Lucas SM (2005). Forcing neurocontrollers to exploit sensory symmetry through hard-wired modularity in the game of Cellz. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2005). ICDAR 2005 text locating competition results. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ICDAR.2005.231

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Gon¿alez CRJ (2005). Web-based deployment of text locating algorithms. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Togelius J, Lucas SM (2005). Evolving controllers for simulated car racing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Panaretos A, Sosa L et al. (2005). ICDAR 2003 robust reading competitions: Entries, results, and future directions. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/s10032-004-0134-3

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Reynolds TJ (2005). Learning deterministic finite automata with a smart state labeling evolutionary algorithm. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.143

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Huang TK (2004). Sequence recognition with scanning N-tuple ensembles. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ICPR.2004.1334553

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2004). Cellz: A simple dynamic game for testing evolutionary algorithms. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2004). Exploiting reflection in object oriented genetic programming. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-24650-3_35

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Keijzer M, O¿Reilly UM, Lucas S et al. (2004). Preface. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/b96274

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Downton AC, Lucas SM, Patoulas G et al. (2003). Computerising natural history card archives. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ICDAR.2003.1227688

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2003). Discriminative training of the scanning N-tuple classifier. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/3-540-44868-3_29

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2003). Evolving finite state transducers: Some initial explorations. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36599-0_12

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Patoulas G, Downton AC (2003). Fast lexicon-based word recognition in noisy index card images. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ICDAR.2003.1227708

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Panaretos A, Sosa L et al. (2003). ICDAR 2003 robust reading competitions. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ICDAR.2003.1227749

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Reynolds TJ (2003). Learning DFA: Evolution versus evidence driven state merging. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2003.1299597

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Ishidera E, Lucas SM, Downton AC (2002). Likelihood word image generation model for word recognition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (2002). Web-based evaluation and deployment of pattern recognizers. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S (2002). Evolving spring-mass models: A test-bed for graph encoding schemes. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/CEC.2002.1004542

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Ishidera E, Lucas SM, Downton AC (2002). Top-down likelihood word image generation model for holistic word recognition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45869-7_11

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S (2001). Efficient graph-based dictionary search and its application to text-image searching. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8655(00)00117-3

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Downton AC, Tarns AC, Wells GJ et al. (2001). Constructing Web-based legacy index card archives-architectural design issues and initial data acquisition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ICDAR.2001.953908

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Tams AC, Cho SJ et al. (2001). Robust word recognition for museum archive card indexing. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ICDAR.2001.953772

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S, Beattie P, Coy J (2000). Automatic evaluation of adaptive algorithms over the Internet. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S, Sarampalis K (2000). Automatic evaluation of algorithms over the Internet. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S (2000). Efficient best-first dictionary search given graph-based input. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S (2000). Specifying intrinsically adaptive architectures. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ECNN.2000.886238

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Downton AC, Lucas SM (1999). Interactive archive card index conversion and verification. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S (1999). Rapid best first retrieval from massive dictionaries with poorly segmented inputs. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S (1999). Designing video-joysticks. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Downton AC, Lucas SM (1999). Interactive archive card index conversion and verification. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S (1999). Rapid best first retrieval from massive dictionaries with poorly segmented inputs. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Downton AC, Lucas SM, Du L (1999). Lazy evaluation for best-first contextual handwriting recognition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ICDAR.1999.791856

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Downton AC, Lucas SM, Cracknell C (1998). Document and Handwriting Analysis for Archive Index Card Conversion. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (1998). Real-time face recognition with the continuous n-tuple classifier. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (1998). Spatially aware rapid retrieval system (SPARRS). nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Siddiqi AA, Lucas SM (1998). Comparison of matrix rewriting versus direct encoding for evolving neural networks. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (1998). Continuous n-tuple classifier and its application to real-time face recognition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1049/ip-vis:19982317

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (1998). Fast exact parallel implementation of the k-nearest neighbour pattern classifier. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Du L, Downton AC, Lucas SM (1997). A unified object-Oriented toolkit for discrete contextual computer vision. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (1997). Forward-backward building blocks for evolving neural networks with intrinsic learning behaviours. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (1997). Continuous n-tuple classifier and its application to face recognition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1049/el:19971149

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (1997). Forward-backward building blocks for evolving neural networks with intrinsic learning behaviours. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/bfb0032531

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (1997). Forward-backward building blocks for evolving neural networks with intrinsic learning behaviours. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/bfb0032531

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Du L, Downton AC, Lucas SM et al. (1997). Generalized contextual recognition of hand-printed documents using semantic trees with lazy evaluation. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (1996). Rapid best-first retrieval from massive dictionaries. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8655(96)00108-0

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S (1996). Can scanning n-tuple classifiers be improved by pre-transforming training data?. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Du L, Lucas SM, Downton AC (1996). Computationally efficient contextual processing for handwritten forms. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Amiri A, Du L, Downton AC et al. (1996). Optimised hand-printed character recognition using neural network cascades. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S (1996). Rapid content-based retrieval from document image databases. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S, Amiri A (1996). Statistical syntactic methods for high-performance OCR. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1049/ip-vis:19960253

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Downton AC, Amiri A, Du L et al. (1995). Configurable toolkit approach to handwritten forms recognition. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (1995). Rapid best-first retrieval from massive dictionaries by lazy evaluation of a syntactic neural network. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (1995). Rapid searching of massive dictionaries given uncertain inputs. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S, Amiri A (1995). Recognition of chain-coded handwritten character images with scanning n-tuple method. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1049/el:19951438

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (1995). High performance OCR with syntactic neural networks. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1049/cp:19950542

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM (1995). Towards the open ended evolution of neural networks. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1049/cp:19951080

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S, Amiri A, Hanlon SJ (1994). Robust syntactic recognition techniques for OCR. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S (1994). Structuring chromosomes for context-free grammar evolution. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S, Vidal E, Amiri A et al. (1994). A comparison of syntactic and statistical techniques for off-line OCR. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1007/3-540-58473-0_146

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S, Zhao Z, Cawley G et al. (1993). On decomposing MLPS. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ICNN.1993.298764

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S, Zhao Z, Cawley G et al. (1993). On decomposing MLPs. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S, Zhao Z, Cawley G et al. (1993). Pattern recognition with the decomposed multilayer perceptron. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1049/el:19930295

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Damper RI (1992). A connectionist approach to text-phonemics translation using syntactic neural networks. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/RNNS.1992.268613

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S (1991). Algebraic learning in syntactic neural networks. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas S, Damper B (1991). Syntactic neural networks for text-phonetics translation. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/icassp.1991.150388

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Damper RI (1990). Signature verification with a syntactic neural net. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1109/ijcnn.1990.137596

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Damper RI (1990). Syntactic Neural Networks. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: 10.1080/09540099008915669

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref
• Lucas SM, Damper RI (1989). New learning paradigm for neural networks. nameOfConference

  
  

  DOI: doi

  
  

  QMRO: qmroHref